The problem with clinical guidelines

Clinical practice guidelines represent the gold standard of evidence-based medicine. Produced by leading professional societies like ESC, KDIGO, GOLD, GINA, and ECCO, they synthesise thousands of studies into recommendations, designed to improve patient outcomes.

Yet, applying guidelines is far from straightforward, given their length, frequent updates, and time constraints in clinical practice. The result is a variation in guideline-directed care. The combination of individual patient data with guidelines and the role of AI in that process are active areas of research. Decision points in guidelines may contain ambiguity on purpose where sufficient evidence is not available. Our consortium aims to integrate AI into shared decision-making between physicians and patients along guideline-directed care paths.

GUIDE-AI is coordinated by Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and brings together 19 partner institutions across 8 countries in order to directly address this challenge.

Project at a Glance

Full name GUIDE-AI
Funder IHI Joint Undertaking
Call IHI Call 9 · Topic 3
Grant No. 101253015
Budget €9.5 million
Duration 2025 – 2029 (4 years)
Coordinator Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Partners 19 institutions · 8 countries
Disease areas HFrEF · CKD · COPD · Asthma · IBD
Status Active (link to IHI factsheet on click)

Project Objectives

GUIDE-AI targets five interconnected objectives spanning technology development, clinical translation, and scientific dissemination.

1

Build validated Guideline Navigators

Develop and benchmark LLM-based Guideline Navigators for HFrEF, CKD, COPD, and asthma, capable of mapping patient data to guideline recommendations.

2

Empower patients and doctors through AI-guided care

Build AI tools that help patients and healthcare providers make treatment decisions together, making it easier to follow the latest clinical guidelines.

3

Demonstrate clinical safety and effectiveness

Execute a rigorous, inclusive and transparent prospective clinical study at two EU sites. Evaluation spans inpatient and outpatient settings across the complete treatment pathway.

4

Address ethics, safety, and regulation

Develop a framework for AI safety in clinical guideline applications, addressing hallucination risk, bias, explainability requirements, and the EU AI Act classification of GUIDE-AI tools.

5

Maximise scientific and societal impact

Publish findings in open-access journals, share validated benchmarks and datasets, engage patient organisations and policymakers, and establish a sustainability pathway for the Guideline Navigator beyond the project lifetime.

How GUIDE-AI works

A four-layer architecture connects clinical knowledge, AI reasoning, safety assurance, and clinical integration.

Layer 1

Guideline Knowledge Base

Clinical practice guideline recommendations from international and national professional societies are used as the knowledge base and context for the GUIDE-AI navigators.

Layer 2

LLM Adaptation & Alignment

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and advanced Graph-RAG architectures ensure answer fidelity and cross-guideline reasoning. Navigators compare prescribed therapies against guideline recommendations and alert clinicians to deviations from evidence-based protocols.

Layer 3

Safety & Explainability Framework

Every model output is evaluated by an automated safety layer that checks source traceability, detects conflicting recommendations, and applies uncertainty quantification. Clinician-readable explanations accompany each answer.

Layer 4

Clinical Integration & Evaluation

Guideline Navigators are deployed in Electronic Health Record (EHR) environments at partner clinical sites. Prospective studies measure adherence outcomes, clinician trust, and workflow integration quality.

Empowering Clinical Judgment

In complex medical decisions, guidelines often present a broad spectrum of valid, competing options rather than a single definitive path. Instead of forcing automated recommendations in ambiguous scenarios, our Guideline Navigators systematically map these clinical and structural ambiguities. By distinguishing between clear evidence-based standard care and areas requiring nuanced judgment, the system reduces cognitive friction while preserving the physician's essential role in shared decision-making.

IHI Funding Acknowledgement: This project is supported by the Innovative Health Initiative Joint Undertaking (IHI JU) under Grant Agreement No. 101253015. The JU receives support from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme and COCIR, EFPIA, Europa Bio, MedTech Europe, and Vaccines Europe. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the aforementioned parties. Neither of the aforementioned parties can be held responsible for them.